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Tacoma Narrows in 1940: From Opening Day to Collapse

Period
January–November 1940
Place
Tacoma Narrows, Washington, United States

Six archival records follow the first Tacoma Narrows Bridge through construction, celebration and failure.

View 6 photographs
About this photo essay

A cable-spinning ceremony, an optimistic program cover and a crowded opening day precede the familiar collapse image. These six records all depict 1940, although the HAER copy was assembled later. Their dates distinguish the bridge’s short working life from its final morning.

Topic: Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapse

Cars approach the toll booths of the original Tacoma Narrows Bridge in an archival photograph.

The toll lanes before the collapse

The view looks east through the toll lanes on August 29, 1940, when the bridge was less than two months old. The original photograph was reproduced in Clark Eldridge’s construction report and later copied into the Historic American Engineering Record. The later archive compilation date is not the date of the scene.

Photo details
Date
August 29, 1940
Location
Tacoma Narrows, Washington, United States
Photographer
Unknown original photographer; HAER archival reproduction
Archive / collection
Library of Congress, HAER WA-99, image 30
Rights / license
Public domain in the United States; NPS/HAER record
Credit
Unknown original photographer; HAER archival reproduction / Library of Congress, HAER WA-99, image 30. Public domain in the United States; NPS/HAER record
A group of men stands beneath wire-spinning equipment and a dated Tacoma Narrows Bridge sign.

The first cable wire

Officials pose beside equipment marking the spinning of the bridge’s first wire on January 10, 1940. The sign supplies the occasion and date. This is a construction photograph, taken nearly ten months before the collapse.

Photo details
Date
January 10, 1940
Location
Tacoma Narrows, Washington, United States
Photographer
Unknown photographer
Archive / collection
University of Washington Libraries, Tacoma Narrows Bridge Collection, FAR103
Rights / license
No known copyright restrictions; University of Washington Libraries via Flickr Commons
Credit
Unknown photographer / University of Washington Libraries, Tacoma Narrows Bridge Collection, FAR103. No known copyright restrictions; University of Washington Libraries via Flickr Commons
Cars and pedestrians crowd the bridge roadway during its opening celebrations.

Cars and crowds on opening day

Traffic and pedestrians fill the new crossing on July 1, 1940. The long, narrow deck and suspension cables dominate the view. The photograph records the bridge’s opening, not the wind-driven motion that later made it famous.

Photo details
Date
July 1, 1940
Location
Tacoma Narrows, Washington, United States
Photographer
Unknown photographer
Archive / collection
University of Washington Libraries, Tacoma Narrows Bridge Collection, FAR008
Rights / license
No known copyright restrictions; University of Washington Libraries via Flickr Commons
Credit
Unknown photographer / University of Washington Libraries, Tacoma Narrows Bridge Collection, FAR008. No known copyright restrictions; University of Washington Libraries via Flickr Commons
An illustrated program cover shows the bridge, aircraft and Mount Rainier above a green landscape.

A printed promise of modern travel

The cover of the official celebration program pairs an illustrated suspension bridge with aircraft over McChord Field. The ceremonies ran from June 30 to July 4, 1940. This contemporary printed illustration records the civic celebration; it is not a photograph of the bridge.

Photo details
Date
June 30–July 4, 1940
Location
Tacoma Narrows, Washington, United States
Photographer
Tacoma Narrows Bridge–McChord Field Celebration Committee; prepared by Shannon Brothers; published by Johnson-Cox Company
Archive / collection
Collection of Wikimedia Commons contributor Centpacrr
Rights / license
Public domain in the United States; published without copyright notice
Credit
Tacoma Narrows Bridge–McChord Field Celebration Committee; prepared by Shannon Brothers; published by Johnson-Cox Company / Collection of Wikimedia Commons contributor Centpacrr. Public domain in the United States; published without copyright notice
A historical weather chart shows pressure contours and observations across the Pacific Northwest.

The weather on November 7

This U.S. Weather Bureau surface analysis records the pressure pattern on the day of the collapse. It supplies the wider meteorological setting. A weather map alone cannot explain the failure: the bridge’s twisting motion and the airflow around its deck were crucial.

Photo details
Date
November 7, 1940
Location
Pacific Northwest, United States
Photographer
U.S. Weather Bureau
Archive / collection
NOAA Central Library historical weather maps
Rights / license
Public domain in the United States; U.S. government work
Credit
U.S. Weather Bureau / NOAA Central Library historical weather maps. Public domain in the United States; U.S. government work
A black-and-white film frame shows the central roadway breaking apart between the bridge towers.

A frame from the actual collapse film

The roadway has broken away between the towers in this frame from film credited to Barney Elliot and preserved in the Stillman Fires Collection. It records November 7, 1940, rather than a later reconstruction. The modest resolution reflects the surviving published film still.

Photo details
Date
November 7, 1940
Location
Tacoma Narrows, Washington, United States
Photographer
Barney Elliot, motion-picture cameraman
Archive / collection
Stillman Fires Collection / Prelinger Archives
Rights / license
Public domain dedication by Prelinger Archives
Credit
Barney Elliot, motion-picture cameraman / Stillman Fires Collection / Prelinger Archives. Public domain dedication by Prelinger Archives

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