History, examined beyond the frame.

Two C-17 flights tell different stories of Kabul’s evacuation. A dated account separates REACH 871’s passengers from the later fatal incident and examines the wider crisis.

Dated decrees, election results and observer reports explain Russia’s transition from Boris Yeltsin to Vladimir Putin in 1999–2000.

After surviving the 1981 shooting, John Paul II publicly forgave Mehmet Ali Ağca. Their 1983 prison meeting reveals how the pope understood forgiveness without setting aside justice.

Iran’s twentieth-century history spans foreign intervention, Pahlavi state-building and the 1979 revolution. Changes in daily life and gender relations complicate a simple before-and-after story.