History, examined beyond the frame.

An invitation to the Lausanne conference sharpened the struggle between Ankara and Istanbul. The assembly ended the sultanate while keeping the caliphate.

The Ottoman delegates signed on October 30; the ceasefire began the next day. Its sweeping terms stopped the fighting while leaving the empire’s future unresolved.

The Australian charge at Beersheba secured vital water supplies, but a day of infantry and mounted fighting made the breakthrough possible.