History, examined beyond the frame.

A divided party, a relentless railway campaign and a durable voter coalition carried Truman past Dewey on November 2, 1948.

Julius II’s All Saints’ Day Mass marked the completion of Michelangelo’s ceiling, turning an older papal chapel into a new kind of painted world.

The Battle of Britain officially ends on October 31, 1940. Fighter Command has survived, the invasion has been postponed, and the Blitz continues.

Four faces were complete, but the larger design remained unfinished. Mount Rushmore’s last day of carving closed a story of labor, money and contested land.

Boeing’s future Flying Fortress crashed with its controls locked. The investigation exposed a gap between an advanced aircraft and the routines of its experienced crew.

The proclamation in Ankara did more than give the state a new name. It created a presidency and changed how the government was formed.

Israel’s invasion of Sinai opened a war planned with Britain and France. The military timetable soon collided with American opposition and UN demands for withdrawal.

Lincoln won a decisive Electoral College majority with less than 40 percent of the popular vote. Campaign images and election records reveal how that victory worked.

A short wartime letter promised a Jewish national home in Palestine. Its wording, safeguards and later place in the British Mandate deserve a close reading.

A stair appeared on November 4. The chambers, shrines and coffins followed over months and years. The excavation records tell the difference.

The Australian charge at Beersheba secured vital water supplies, but a day of infantry and mounted fighting made the breakthrough possible.

On October 29, 1998, John Glenn returned to space at 77. Discovery’s mission joined his remarkable comeback to experiments on aging, weightlessness and the Sun.